Ireland’s 23 MW Carbon Battery Set for 2028
Quick answer: Energy Dome, backed by Google, will install a 23 MW/200 MWh carbon‑dioxide (CO₂) battery in County Offaly, Ireland, with grid connection secured and a 10‑year capacity contract, slated to start delivering power in 2028.
The project marks the first commercial bilateral deployment under the Energy Dome‑Google partnership and will sit on the former peat‑fired plant at the Rhode Green Energy Park, close to high‑voltage lines feeding Greater Dublin.
What the CO₂ battery is and how it works
The CO₂ battery stores electricity by compressing carbon dioxide into a high‑pressure liquid. When the grid needs power, the liquid expands through a turbine, turning the stored pressure back into electricity. Unlike lithium‑ion, the system uses off‑the‑shelf compressors and turbines, avoids critical minerals, and can discharge for 8‑24 hours without noticeable capacity loss – a hallmark of long‑duration energy storage (LDES).
Energy Dome claims a 30‑plus‑year operating life with essentially no degradation, making it a strong candidate for replacing aging fossil‑fuel sites with zero‑emission storage.
Project specifics in Ireland
- Capacity: 23 MW power, 200 MWh energy – enough to run a 10 MW‑scale solar farm at night for 20 hours or supply roughly 14,000 Irish homes for a 10‑hour stretch, as demonstrated in a similar 20 MW/200 MWh unit in France.
- Location: Former peat‑fired plant in County Offaly, adjacent to the Rhode Green Energy Park, a hub of wind and solar projects.
- Timeline: Land, planning consent, and grid connection already secured; a 10‑year capacity contract awarded by EirGrid; commercial operation expected in 2028.
- Ownership: Energy Dome will own and operate the facility, with a second 200 MWh unit planned for the same site.
- Strategic partner: Google, which signed the commercial agreement in July 2025 and is providing strategic investment to accelerate LDES deployment.
Why Ireland is a hot spot for LDES
Ireland’s Electricity Storage Policy Framework (2024) calls for up to 500 MW of long‑duration storage with a minimum 4‑hour discharge capability. The Energy Dome project directly answers that call, offering 23 MW of firm, dispatchable capacity that can bridge the gap between intermittent wind/solar generation and demand peaks.
EirGrid’s consultation documents note that LDES can provide “continuous import/export capability” and improve grid resilience, especially as Ireland pushes for 70 % renewable electricity by 2030.
The Arizona counterpart – a glimpse of the model
Earlier in 2025, Energy Dome and Google announced a 19 MW/200 MWh CO₂ battery at Arizona’s Salt River Generating Station, also built on a retired fossil‑fuel site. The parallel shows the company’s strategy: retrofit existing plant footprints with carbon‑free storage, leveraging the same 10‑year capacity contracts and strategic financing from Google.
What it means for Israel
Israel’s renewable‑energy targets (30 % by 2030, 20 % by 2025) rely heavily on solar PV, but the grid still needs firm, long‑duration supply to smooth daily and seasonal fluctuations. A 200 MWh CO₂ battery could, in Israeli terms, store the output of roughly twelve typical 10 kWp home solar systems (each producing ~17,000 kWh/year in the central region). That translates to about 200 MWh ≈ 12 homes × 1 year of electricity, or enough to cover the peak‑hour demand of a small town for a day.
Using the representative Israeli tariff of ₪0.48/kWh, the stored energy would be worth roughly ₪96,000 (200,000 kWh × ₪0.48). If a similar carbon‑battery were installed locally at the typical turnkey cost of ₪3,150/kW, the capital expense would be about ₪72 million (23 MW × ₪3,150/kW). Over a 25‑year life, the simple pay‑back on the energy value alone would be around 30 years, highlighting that such projects are currently viable only with strategic investors like Google or with policy incentives.
For Israeli developers, the Irish case demonstrates a clear pathway: repurpose decommissioned power‑plant sites, secure long‑term capacity contracts from the regulator, and partner with tech giants that can underwrite the upfront capital. As Israel’s Electricity Authority explores LDES procurement (see EirGrid’s 2024 framework as a template), the CO₂ battery could become a complementary technology to lithium‑ion and pumped hydro, especially where mineral supply chains are a concern.
Outlook: scaling carbon‑free storage globally
Energy Dome’s 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Future outlook: scaling carbon‑battery tech worldwide
Energy Dome says the Irish plant is a template for dozens of similar sites across Europe, North America and Asia‑Pacific. With the EU’s 2024 Energy Storage Action Plan targeting 130 GW of additional storage by 2030, LDES technologies that avoid critical minerals could capture a sizable share of that market.
If the 23 MW unit meets its performance targets, it could demonstrate a cost curve competitive with lithium‑ion for multi‑hour discharge, encouraging regulators like EirGrid and Israel’s Electricity Authority to write new procurement rules that reward long‑duration capacity.
What it means for Israel
Israel’s grid faces similar challenges: high solar penetration, limited storage, and a need for firm capacity to meet the 30 % renewable target by 2030. A carbon‑battery of the Irish scale could, in theory, store the output of roughly 12 typical Israeli home solar systems (≈200 MWh/yr) and release it over 8‑24 hours, smoothing evening peaks.
At the current residential tariff of ₪0.48/kWh, that stored energy would be worth about ₪96,000 per year. Compared with a typical 10 kWp rooftop installation costing ₪31,500, the carbon‑battery’s capital cost per kW (≈₪3,150/kW) is higher, but the long‑term, mineral‑free supply chain could become attractive if policy incentives for LDES emerge.
For Israeli investors, the Irish project shows a viable business model: secure a long‑term capacity contract (10 years in Ireland, similar to Israel’s upcoming LDES procurement), locate the plant on a de‑commissioned fossil‑fuel site, and partner with a tech‑savvy investor like Google to cover upfront CAPEX.
Bottom line
Energy Dome’s 23 MW/200 MWh carbon‑dioxide battery in County Offaly will be Ireland’s first grid‑scale CO₂ storage unit, slated for 2028, and it could serve as a blueprint for Israel and other markets seeking mineral‑free, long‑duration storage to achieve 24/7 clean power.
Sources & further reading
- CO2 Battery - Energy Dome
- CO2 Batteries That Store Grid Energy Take Off Globally - IEEE Spectrum
- Large scale energy storage systems based on carbon dioxide thermal...
- Our first step into long-duration energy storage with Energy Dome
- Google Partners with Energy Dome to Globally Deploy Advanced Clean...
FAQ
What is a CO₂ battery?
A CO₂ battery compresses carbon dioxide into a high‑pressure liquid and expands it through a turbine to generate electricity, providing long‑duration, mineral‑free storage.
When will the Irish carbon battery start operating?
The facility is expected to be commissioned and deliver power to the grid in 2028.
How much energy can the Irish battery store?
It can store 200 MWh of electricity, enough for roughly 14,000 homes for a 10‑hour period or to cover a full day’s evening peak in a small town.
Why is this technology important for Israel?
Israel needs long‑duration storage to balance its growing solar fleet; a 200 MWh CO₂ battery could store the output of about 12 typical rooftop systems and release it over 8‑24 hours.
What role does Google play in the project?
Google is a strategic partner and investor, providing capital and helping scale the CO₂ battery technology across markets.
Is the CO₂ battery cheaper than lithium‑ion?
While exact costs vary, Energy Dome claims the CO₂ battery avoids critical minerals and can be competitive for multi‑hour discharge, especially where lithium‑ion prices remain high.
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